How to Test Fabric Tensile Strength

There are two frequently used testing methods, including the strip method and the grip method. And according to the strip method, fabrics can be divided into split strips and cut strips based on whether the edges can be removed.

1 Strip specimen test:

It alludes to a fabric tensile test about the overall strength of the specimen. In the test, the specimen needs to be ripped off into the one with a specified width, and then the entire width of a specimen will be held by a gripper. For some non-woven fabrics, coated fabrics, and fabrics that are not easy to pull yarn at the edge of the specimen, only when they are cut to the ones with specified width, can the test be carried out.

2 Grip sample test:

It refers to a fabric tensile specimen held by a gripper in the central part of the specimen in the direction where the width of the fabric lie.

The mechanism for fabric fracture:

After the fabric is stretched, the yarn first turns straight from flexion and then becomes thin. The fabric will not become thinner unless the area of yarn with the weakest strength suffers from fracture elongation. Only under such conditions, can the yarn break one by one, resulting in fabric fracture.

Due to the extrusion at the yarn interweaving points during the stretching process, the tangential sliding resistance at the interweaving points increases, decreasing the unevenness of the yarn strength and elongation. The more yarn interweaving points in the two systems, the shorter the floating length, which helps us to increase the fabric strength to a certain extent. And obviously, the warp and weft density and yarn strength also have a direct influence on the fabric tensile strength tester force.

The top factors affecting the tensile strength of fabrics are as follows.

1. weaving methods and weaving conditions (for instance, there exists the difference between knitted and woven fabrics), tissue structure (such as plain, twill, satin, jacquard, and so on), and the density of warp and weft yarns.

Different warp and weft strengths result in the strength of the top break. And we need to check out whether it has a fabric edge, a solid or raw edge and whether it makes no contact with blemishes and folds, and how far it is away from the original fabric edge (so the sample must be taken at least 150 mm from the edge) which make a huge difference on the test result. Additionally, stained and cloth after desizing, dyeing, and finishing cloth, especially cloth undergoing dipping and special finishing, vary considerably in the aspect of strength. The weaving process, dyeing, brushing, etc. all have an effect on the textile tensile force. Coarser yarns have better strength than finer yarns', twill is better than plain, not brushed is better than brushed, and the less corrosive the dyeing is the better.

2. the strength and fineness of the original yarn, the density of the warp and weft, and the finishing process

The tensile strength of non-iron fabrics may become smaller after non-iron finishing, affecting the fabric's durability. The change of tensile strength testing equipment of the fabric, the strength and elongation of the yarns, the interweave resistance, and the morphological structure all significantly affect the strength before and after the non-iron finishing. Yarns with strong strength and high elongation weave into fabrics that are subjected to external forces with a great number of yarn roots under common stress and are less likely to be pulled off.